First you need to register/create a site in Salesforce. You can create a VF page (because only vf is supported in sites til date) for all the fields you want to capture as part of survey. In public access setting of sites you will have option to give permission to the vf page and fields which you want to expose to site user. give the necessary permission.
In public access setting of sites you will have option to give permission to the vf page and fields which you want to expose to site user. give the necessary permission.
Refer link for getting more insight on profiles :
https://www.salesforcetutorial.com/force-com-sites-overview/
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Regards,
Santosh Kumar