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NihanNihan 

difference between actionregion and rerender? how they are interrelated?

Raj VakatiRaj Vakati
reRender - ID. The particular block will be refreshed.

Action Region: An area of a Visualforce page that demarcates which components should be processed by the Force.com server when an AJAX request is generated. Only the components in the body of the <apex:actionRegion> are processed by the server, thereby increasing the performance of the page. 
http://bobbuzzard.blogspot.com/2011/02/visualforce-re-rendering-woes.html
https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=000003854&language=en_US&type=1
Sunil Joshi 3Sunil Joshi 3
rerender: To refresh certain area of a page based on component id.

action region : This describes mainly about <apex:actionRegion> tag used in visualforce Page. <apex:actionRegion> is used to optimise VF performance.
ActionRegion tag defines which components  of VF page should be processed by Force.com server.
By Components  mean, all the visualforce tags like inputField, inputText, outputPanels etc.
https://developer.salesforce.com/forums/?id=906F0000000kA08IAE