Hi,


-The user license specifies which feature or functionality a user can access on salesforce. Each user must have one license. The users are assigned for data access through their user profile and optionally using one or more permission sets.

-Profiles in Salesforce define the objects that a user can access as well as the settings and permissions for various functions in Salesforce.com.
Profiles are those which define the user’s to perform different functions like settings and permissions in salesforce.
It is another way to restrict or control access to a particular record. Each profile is assigned a specific license that provides access to specific features and functionality. The following are the configurations that can be set using profiles.
     https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=sf.admin_userprofiles.htm&type=5

-A permission set is a collection of settings and permissions that give users access to various tools and functions. Permission sets extend users’ functional access without changing their profiles.
https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.enus.securityImplGuide.meta/securityImplGuide/perm_sets_overview.htm#:~:text=A%20permission%20set%20is%20a,access%20without%20changing%20their%20profiles.


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Thanks & Regards
Suraj Tripathi