Case escalation rules in Salesforce are used to reassign and optionally notify individuals when a case is not closed within a specified time period. Generic Use cases for escalation rule. To notify the management if the high priority cases are still open after a specific amount of time.
https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/projects/create-a-process-for-managing-support-cases/create-an-escalation-rule
https://www.apexhours.com/case-escalation-rule/
Kindly check on trailhead(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/) you can get more details along with example.
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