Reports tend to be broader and feature historic data. Because they must be delivered periodically, they represent a snapshot of a specific area or organization rather than its real-time situation. Dashboards, on the other hand, are built to visualize and organize data in real-time.
Report is a set of records represented in the form of rows and columns. We have 4 types of reports in Salesforce. 1.Tabular Report , 2. Matrix Report , 3. Summary Report , 4. Joint Report . Dashboard is a pictorial representation of Report. Reports can be scheduled but dashboards can never be scheduled.
Check below trailhead module.
https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/modules/reports_dashboards/reports_dashboards_overview#:~:text=A%20report%20is%20a%20list,%2Donly%20or%20read%2Fwrite.
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