I have customized Cases.  We have two Case record types: Client Meeting and Prospect Meeting.  The standard Type field has six values: three are available for Client Meeting records and the other three are available for Prospect Meeting records.

I have overridden the New Case button to call a VF page that redirects the user (after the record type is created) to an Edit page for Client Meetings (Slide_List) or an Edit page for Prospect Meeitngs (Prospect_Slide_List).  Both of those VF pages include the Type field like this:

                 <apex:pageBlockSectionItem >
                    <apex:outputLabel value="Type" /> <apex:inputField value="{!case.Type}" required="true" />
                </apex:pageBlockSectionItem>

 Unfortunately, on both the Client Meetings page and the Prospect Meetings page, I am seeing only the picklist values for Type that are defined for the Client Meetings record type.  

No values are set as default if that matters at all.

Relevant portions of Case.object:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<CustomObject xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
...
    <fields>
        <fullName>Type</fullName>
        <picklist>
            <picklistValues>
                <fullName>Account Review - At SAM</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </picklistValues>
            <picklistValues>
                <fullName>Account Review - At Client</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </picklistValues>
            <picklistValues>
                <fullName>Account Review - Conference Call</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </picklistValues>
            <picklistValues>
                <fullName>Prospect Meeting - At SAM</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </picklistValues>
            <picklistValues>
                <fullName>Prospect Meeting - At Client</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </picklistValues>
            <picklistValues>
                <fullName>Prospect Meeting - Conference Call</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </picklistValues>
            <sorted>false</sorted>
        </picklist>
        <type>Picklist</type>
    </fields>
...
    <recordTypes>
        <fullName>Client_Meeting</fullName>
        <active>true</active>
        <businessProcess>Client Meeting Request</businessProcess>
        <label>Client Meeting</label>
        <picklistValues>
...
            <picklist>Type</picklist>
            <values>
                <fullName>Account Review - At Client</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </values>
            <values>
                <fullName>Account Review - At SAM</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </values>
            <values>
                <fullName>Account Review - Conference Call</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </values>
        </picklistValues>
    </recordTypes>
    <recordTypes>
        <fullName>Prospect_Meeting</fullName>
        <active>true</active>
        <businessProcess>Prospect Meeting Request</businessProcess>
        <label>Prospect Meeting</label>
        <picklistValues>
...
            <picklist>Type</picklist>
            <values>
                <fullName>Prospect Meeting - At Client</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </values>
            <values>
                <fullName>Prospect Meeting - At SAM</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </values>
            <values>
                <fullName>Prospect Meeting - Conference Call</fullName>
                <default>false</default>
            </values>
        </picklistValues>
    </recordTypes>